I purchased the research paper published by Chapman University and I reached out to the professor/publisher. While I can’t give you the full paper to read (it is not free for public presentation), I can give you a few more details from the paper.
I sent Dr. Rosalee Hellberg of Chapman University a request for the names of the pet foods, and I also asked the question if the “non-specific meat ingredient that could not be identified” was tested for dog or cat DNA. While we wait for response (don’t get your hopes up), I purchased the full report from the University for a few clues to what foods were tested.
Many of the pet foods tested contained a by-product ingredient. Some contained generic such as ‘meat by-product’, others contained specific such as beef by-product. Many of the foods contained animal fat and animal digest. Of pet foods using these two ingredients – almost all contained a full mix of animal species (chicken, beef, pork, turkey, lamb, and some even goat). Proving that these rendered ingredients are just a mix-mash of animal parts (Ugh). But some of the pet foods tested contained no by-products or rendered ingredients. Showing that even – we can assume – higher priced pet foods were fraudulent to label claims.
A few examples from the study…
Sample number P002 – Dog food (wet). Meat ingredients listed on the pet food are: “Deboned beef, Beef broth”. The testing found no beef – only pork.
Sample number P003 – Dog food (wet). Meat ingredients listed on the pet food label are: “Chicken broth, Chicken, Turkey, Beef, Chicken liver, Beef liver, Lamb”. All species were found in this food except turkey. Turkey was listed on the dog food label but not found in the food.
Sample P008 – Dog food (wet). Meat ingredients listed on the label: “Turkey, Pork liver, Pork Plasma, Chicken fat”. Testing found: “beef, chicken, turkey, pork”. Beef was included in this pet food but beef was not listed on the label.
Sample P013 – Cat food (wet). Meat ingredients listed on the cat food label: “Pork, Pork broth, Pork liver”. Testing found: “Beef, Chicken, and Pork”. Beef and chicken were not listed on the pet food label but were included in the cat food.
Sample P014 – Cat food (wet). Meat ingredients listed on the cat food label: “Chicken, Chicken liver, Pork by-products”. Testing found: “Beef, chicken, and pork”. Beef was not listed on the pet food label but was included in the cat food.
Sample P016 – Cat food (wet). Meat ingredients listed on the cat food label: “Beef, Beef broth, Beef liver, Lamb liver, Venison, Lamb, Chicken meal”. Testing found: “Chicken, Turkey, and Pork”. Beef was the first meat ingredient listed on this cat food label – no beef was found. Turkey and Pork are not listed in the cat food ingredients but testing showed these ingredients were found in the pet food.
Sample number P017 – Cat Food (wet). Meat ingredients listed on the cat food label: “Liver (turkey), Turkey, Meat by-product, Chicken”. Testing found: “Chicken and Goat”. This pet food was a ‘turkey’ cat food – but testing found no turkey.
Sample number P019 – Dog Food (dry). Meat ingredients listed on the dog food label: “Chicken, Chicken meal, Beef fat”. Testing found: “Beef, Lamb, Chicken, Turkey, and Pork”. This chicken and beef fat dog food included 3 other animal species that were not listed on the label (lamb, turkey and pork).
Sample number P035 – Dog Treats. Meat ingredients listed on the dog treat label: “Bacon, Bacon fat, Beef”. Testing found: “Chicken”. No bacon or beef was found through testing in this dog treat.
Sample number P045 – Cat Treats. Meat ingredients listed on the cat treat label: “Chicken, Chicken meal”. Testing found: “Chicken and Pork”. Pork ingredient was not listed on the pet treat label but was included in the cat treat.
Also from the actual published paper on this study, we learn that all of these pet foods were purchased from retail stores in Orange County, CA and online during July and August 2013.
While we don’t know the names of these pet foods and pet treats, we do know that this study was sort of ‘a snapshot in time’ of the true conditions pet food consumers face. It is a picture – the reality – proving that pet foods are lying to consumers (whether intentional or accidental). This ‘snapshot” is solid University testing. Not hearsay or anecdotal evidence.
With testing, one batch of pet food could contain the exact ingredients listed on the label and the very next batch could contain ‘surprise’ meat ingredients. It has been shared with me through the years (from numerous insiders) this is standard in the pet food industry for various reasons. The most common – to keep ‘the line’ going. As example, if a manufacturer runs out of chicken they can do one of two things…stop the manufacturing and wait until a chicken source is found; or get another ingredient no matter what it is as quickly as possible to keep manufacturing in operation. It has been shared with me, in many cases manufacturers will not stop the manufacturing line. They will source whatever ingredient they can to keep the line going.
Just as I am aware of this occurring in pet food manufacturing – I know with 100% certainty that regulatory authorities are aware this occurs too. Manufacturers need to be held accountable. Regulatory authorities (State Department of Agriculture and FDA) need to put the pet food consumer first, industry second.
I encourage everyone that is infuriated by these test results to write your state and federal lawmakers. Example brief message…
Chapman University just published a study (Identification of meat species in pet foods using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay) in which DNA testing found 20 of 52 pet foods/treats were mislabeled (38%). These pet foods/treats either contained one or more meat ingredients not listed on the label – or did not contain a meat ingredient that was listed on the label. Pet food consumers are being lied to.
Pets, just like humans, have serious food allergies. Consumer spend thousands of dollars on testing for food allergies and treatment. What if a pet suffers allergic reactions to an ingredient not disclosed on the label? Pet food fraud should be taken seriously and manufacturers should be held accountable. Regulatory authorities need to hold manufacturers accountable for the products they manufacture. I’m asking you to take swift action to further investigate food fraud within the pet food industry.
Thank you,
We might not have the names – but we do have the proof. This proof is powerful. Please write your government representatives.
Wishing you and your pet(s) the best,
Susan Thixton
Pet Food Safety Advocate
Author Buyer Beware, Co-Author Dinner PAWsible
TruthaboutPetFood.com
Association for Truth in Pet Food
What’s in Your Pet’s Food?
Is your dog or cat eating risk ingredients? Chinese imports? Petsumer Report tells the ‘rest of the story’ on over 2500 cat foods, dog foods, and pet treats. 30 Day Satisfaction Guarantee. www.PetsumerReport.com
2014 List
Susan’s List of trusted pet foods. Click Here
Have you read Buyer Beware? Click Here
Cooking for pets made easy, Dinner PAWsible
Find Healthy Pet Foods in Your Area Click Here
Ian
September 19, 2014 at 4:15 pm
I would be very curious to know which offenders were contracted out to non-company-owned manufacturing facilities and which were made in-house. This is always my suspicion with contracted production facilities, that they can (intentionally or accidentally) put whatever they want in the mix and the pet food maker might never know….. However if it’s made in-house then it’s outright dishonesty I guess unless they pass the blame on to the renderer. Did Chapman notify the pet food companies that were found to have mislabeled product?
Susan Thixton
September 19, 2014 at 4:22 pm
Very good question. If they respond to me (I am hopeful) I will ask.
Jan H
September 19, 2014 at 4:54 pm
Excellent report of truth. I pray this will blow the lid wide open and expose the fraudulent practices that are being done behind closed doors in the name of “quality” pet food. You are doing magnificent work and through people like yourself this is how change is brought about. Thank you for your hard work. May we all take action and refuse to keep quiet until change is brought about and companies are held responsible for their lies.
Peg
September 19, 2014 at 5:23 pm
Oooohhh this really does twist my liver.
How about all the cat and dog owners who spend a fortune at the vet and the determination through expensive RAST testing that the fur kid is allergic to………pick one…..chicken, beef and in my very expensive case…….fish
You read labels until your eyes fall out of your head and then this research comes to light……ingredients are not accurately listed! I wonder too, if the same holds true for all the poor human souls with IBS…….perhaps, and I am being sarcastic, our human food labels are inaccurate as well……….
I for one prepare my own pet food and much to my vet’s chagrin, she can’t understand why they are so healthy, no one needs a dental and was I really sure my 14 year old was 14??
Because of all of Susan’s hard work and all the hard work of TAPF contributors……thank you all for helping me keep my fur balls safe and healthy!!!
Gitta
September 19, 2014 at 5:41 pm
I wonder if Consumer Reports would be willing to do DNA testing on pet food. Yes, there is controversy about the quality of ingredients. And yes, in the past Consumer Reports went off into the big-pet food field in my opinion. But, this is different. This is black and white. A listed ingredient is in the bag or it isn’t. Nobody has to discuss the nutritional quality of that ingredient. That is what Consumer Lab does. They test supplements to see if they actually contain what the label says and do provide names.
I realize they could only test a small portion of the huge market. But it could send a powerful message. We can wait forever for politicians to do something and even longer for laws to be enforced. But if consumers start to leave tested products on store shelves and most likely start to distrust the brand – changes could happen quickly.
And maybe our association’s testing could start there. Does the bag or can contain what they claim on the label. I think that is an easier battle than the debate over nutritional quality. Maybe our concerns over quality of ingredients and origin of ingredients skipped one step. This is not the first university study to use DNA testing. Years ago UC Davis (I think) tested foods for lamb DNA and came to the same conclusions: no lamb where the label claimed lamb. Perhaps the basic step should be to find out if the bag or can contain what the label says. If they don’t – why would I believe anything else a maker says or pledges? If my dog is allergic to beef it doesn’t matter where that beef comes from. What matters is that I can be sure that a bag that does not list beef as an ingredient is indeed free of any beef.
june lay
September 19, 2014 at 5:48 pm
I am disgusted by the info given that they replace ingredients with others when the one listed runs out. The pet food industry is one of the largest, most profitable and was not affected by the recession and how misleading this is from all their promotions.
Thank goodness I cook for my Sophie, and I will share thisas much as possible hope everyone does too.
Becky Brooks
September 19, 2014 at 5:55 pm
This feels like a kick in the gut. Is there a list anywhere of trustworthy pet food companies or do I have to cook for my pets?
Susan Thixton
September 19, 2014 at 6:18 pm
Don’t give up hope – there are trustworthy companies. Call them, email them. Ask difficult questions. Ask them what they do to assure each batch of food they make contains the ingredients on the label. If you are comfortable with their response – give them your trust. And listen to your pet too – if your pet turns his/her nose up at a food that they typically eat – listen to them.
Tim
September 22, 2014 at 4:06 pm
Becky, Susan publishes The List annually, which may help with deciding whom to trust: https://truthaboutpetfood.com/the-2014-list
Daniel Podobed
September 19, 2014 at 6:32 pm
Susan,
I remember the earlier post regarding this topic. This is definitely concerning me. While many pets have no food issues, many others have serious sensitivities and allergic reactions when they are fed these foods. To me this is truly bad because it can directly affect the quality of life of that animal- instantly- without years build up. This also shows me there is absolutely no way to believe all of these bags are Grain Free, when the manufacturers don’t even care enough to get the proteins right. Through the sloppy practice of over-run, and poor cleaning standards facing the deadline between the next batch, I am not confident of what is contained in any of these pet foods. And when you consider there is little, to no accountability in pet food when it comes to these matters, the only way you can be 100% sure that your dog or cat is getting the proper nutrition, is to feed a home prepared meal- raw or cooked. I think part of your pledge should include a laboratory analysis from these companies, testing the foods for the ingredients guaranteed on the label they print.
Scary stuff as usual. You would think the FDA or the state agriculture departments would be conducting regular testing to ensure pets are getting what is promised on the bag. Then again- it’s only feed after all, right?
Susan Thixton
September 19, 2014 at 7:57 pm
You said it all – “feed”. Yes.
Regina
September 19, 2014 at 11:37 pm
Susan, I wonder if you have a life outside of all that you do to look out for our furry family members!
If you do have a dialogue with Chapman University, ask if it is at all possible to identify the brands in question. It could have been a double-blind testing procedure, which is how tests were done when I worked in a lab.
I’ve often heard people say their dog or cat used to love a certain food, but when a fresh bag was opened, they just refused to eat it anymore. This study could answer the big question of why the pets stopped eating their food so abruptly. Some animals don’t like certain meats, so if there’s some hiding in their new bag of food, THEY KNOW!!!!
As someone with food allergies, I rely on reading a lot of labels for myself. We are at the mercy of these corporations who don’t care about anything but the bottom line. This is awful, if they run out of a meat, they’ll just throw something else in rather than stop???? Shouldn’t they know if they have enough of something BEFORE starting the run???
I do hope we are able to learn which pet feeds were found to be lying. I personally will never buy anything from a big conglomerate that will go into my pets’ mouths (even their toys!) because the main goal of conglomerates is to make money. They are no longer in it to make decent foods for our furry family members. But to see studies like this, I worry if MY brand is one of the liars. I hope not, but my list of trusted names seems to shrink every so often.
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Peter
September 20, 2014 at 9:45 am
If the “manufacturer,” which is generally a co-packer/contract manufacturer, will often simply swap-out ingredients to “keep the line going,” that would violate the contract the company has with the client, who has singed an agreement based on the manufacturer’s commitment to follow a specific recipe.
That, in turn, would violate the “contract” the end-use consumer has with the vendor (the company who’s name is printed on the can), who bases his/her decision to purchase on the guarantee of ingredients listed on the label. That consumer is either paying for ingredients, or, perhaps, paying to AVOID ingredients.
This problem renders the decision-making process by the consumer ultimately impossible to conduct in a fully-educated manner.
It’s also clear that this problem is ongoing, continuous, and well-known by the companies that pay co-packers and also, even by those who “own” their own factories. There is deceit, deception and fraud to spread around. It is a national disgrace, that the federal agency charged with administering the law that would prevent this, refuses to do so.
carole henry
September 22, 2014 at 6:33 am
I read with interest Susan’s website and posts of information and really wonder why people still buy commercial dog food. You can make up a diet for your dog that is filled with variety, healthy for your dog and cheap. Much cheaper then commercial pet food and as you are the maker of your pets food, you know what the ingredients are. The advantages are dogs who do not need teeth cleanings, do not have ear problems, have better coats and health and live to a ripe old age without the health problems that commercial fed dogs seem to have. Aching joints are not normal in old age. Inflammation seems to be a part of feeding commercial foods. You are what you eat and when the animals that go into pet foods are fed corn and other GMO grains, you may very well be adding to your pets future health problems.
This goes for humans. I no longer feed my livestock GMO grains or prepared foods and have added fax seed to their feeds for a healthier diet and less inflammation. My first cow is still doing well at age 30 years. Having clean water and good grass to eat for her whole life, she has produced healthy cows that produce healthy calves into their late teens with no calving problems. It is ALL in what you eat.
It just came to me, if they do it to pet foods, what about packaged human foods?
Ellie
September 25, 2014 at 9:14 am
This certainly is grounds for a huge investigation to be conducted by a party not invested in the pet food industry. The question is: does anyone care enough to do something about it? Are we so dependent of the pet food industry that we will not do what is necessary to protect our pets?
It seems sometimes that we have been entrapped by the food industry in general because we are so dependent on prepackaged foods sold to us by a greedy, dishonest group of people that have found a way to make a fortune by defrauding the public.